Project reference cache ignored
With references.cache: project, lookups are cached in .overfull/cache/refs.json inside the project. That file is repository content: in CI (any provider, with or without a .git directory) it is never read, and anywhere a cache reached through a symlink is not used, because it could mark references as verified that were never looked up. Every reference is looked up again.
Fix
Keep .overfull/ out of git (add it to .gitignore) and make sure it is a real directory, not a symlink; or drop references.cache: project to use the user cache directory.